The Barbary Sheep (Ammotragus lervia, Aoudad and arui)...
The Barbary Sheep (Ammotragus lervia, also called or Aoudad and arui) is a species
of Caprinae (goat-antelope) found in rocky mountains in North Africa. Six subspecies
have been described. Although it is rare in its native North Africa, it was introduced
in South Europe and other places.
Barbary Sheep stand 80 to 100 cm (30 to 40 inches) tall at the shoulder and weigh
40 to 140 kg (90 to 310 lb). Thery are a sandy-brown color, darkening with age, with
a slightly lighter underbelly and a darker line on the back. Upperparts and outer
legs are uniform reddish-brown or grayish-brown. There is some shaggy hair on the
throat (extending down to the chest in males) and a sparse "mane". Their horns have
a triangular cross-section. The horns curve outwards, backwards then inwards, and
reach up to 50 cm (20 inches). The horns are smooth but wrinkled at the base.
Barbary Sheep are found in arid mountinous areas of the Sahara where they graze and
browse all available plants -- grass, bushes, lichen and acacia. They obtain all their
moisture from food, but if water is available they drink and wallow in it. Barbary
Sheep are crepuscular, active in the early morning and late afternoon, resting in the
heat of the day. They are very agile and can jump over two metres from a stand-still.
Barbary Sheep are usually solitary, and freese in the presence of danger. Their main
predators in North Africa are leopard and caracal.
Barbary sheep are found in Mauritania, southern Algeria, northwest Chad and Sudan,
and were introduced into southeastern Spain and southwestern United States (parts of
Texas, New Mexico, California) and Mexico.
A relatively large sheep with horns curving outward, backward, and then inward and marked with strong transverse wrinkles; horns of females similar but somewhat smaller; tail relatively long, reaching nearly to hocks and with long hairs on terminal half; a conspicuous growth of long hair on throat, chest, and upperparts of front legs; no beard as is found in goats; upperparts and outer surface of legs uniform rufous or grayish brown; blackish mid-dorsal line from head to middle of back; flanks, inner surface of legs and belly whitish, but the chest colored like the sides; horns yellowish brown, darkening with age, set close together (nearly touching at the bases), and attaining a length of 50-80 cm. External measurements of a moderately large adult male: total length, 1,650 mm; tail, 141 mm; hind foot (tip of hoof to hock), 363 mm; ear, 116 mm; height at shoulder, 950 mm. Weight of males up to 145 kg; females to 65 kg.
The short, bristly outer coat is reddish to sandy brown in colour. The underparts are moderately lighter. Both sexes have a heavy fringe of hair on their throat, although in males this extends down the neck to encompass the chest and front legs. The tail is also fringed. The body is quite thick and sturdy. The thick, triangular-based horns are found in both sexes, although they are slightly larger in males. The horns have numerous fine rings, although in older individuals these may be worn down, causing the horn surface to look smooth. They curve in a semi-circle over the back, up to 55 cm / 22 inches.
These sheep were first brought to the United States in about 1900 and have been reared
in zoos and on private preserves for a number of years. They were first released in the
wild in New Mexico in 1950 and in Texas in 1957, when 31 were released southwest of Claude
in Armstrong County. Thirteen more were released near Quitaque. These introductions were
highly successful in the Palo Duro Canyon area. By May of 1966 the population had increased
to an estimated 400-500 sheep. By 1963, the population had increased to such a level that
a controlled hunt was deemed advisable. Forty-two permits were issued; six rams and three
ewes were harvested. In 1964, 50 permits were issued; eight rams and seven ewes were
harvested. In 1965, 70 permits resulted in a harvest of eight rams and eight ewes.
Statewide, the population in 1989 was estimated at over 20,000.
Whether this animal will eventually become a pest, as early Texans suspected has never
been proven. The controversy exists as to whether these "introduced" sheep have take over
the chance for the native have most of the "successful" introduced animals, remains to
be seen. There is a small amount of evidence that they compete directly with mule deer
for food. They also have been observed feeding on winter wheat crops growing adjacent
to Palo Duro Canyon. How much this impacts these other native animals is not scientifically
proven or known, and therefore only speculation. In the Trans-Pecos, Barbary sheep may
have a deleterious impact on bighorn sheep reintroduction efforts, but there is no proof
of that yet.
Hopefully time and facts will prove that their introduction to the US will not have
a negative impact upon Native species. They are legally hunted still in New Mexico and
Texas and remain on the IUCN lists as "vulnerable" in their native habitat.